Friday, December 27, 2019

Public Schools The Highest Levels Of Public Education

Are children and teens in American public school systems being set up for failure? American schools can be deemed good or bad by many, but in my opinion public schools are bad. I have numerous of reasons for my speculations, not only with experience in public school but also my point of view. I will clarify my reasons of belief from the beginning of the highest levels of public education. I will also illustrate the main issues to why I believe public schools can set a child up to fail educationally by conferring academics, bullying, health, nutrition and safety that takes place. I attended public school so it may be fair to say that I am biased. American public schools are not the same as they were countless years ago, maybe when my parents were the school age level. I firmly regard that the introductory level of academics in public schools such as elementary can be challenging for copious amounts of children. Some children don’t attend a pre-learning program like Pre-K befor e they begin elementary school. Leaving them deprived of the basic knowledge that other children in the class have already acquired. This may not be the schools fault, but the school system does not halt for children or award special attention to those who lack certain academic abilities. School systems may not always alert the parents of the child when they are struggling, but often times lend help but not necessarily knowing where the child struggles. Young students often times don’t know when toShow MoreRelatedPublic Schools Should Be Funded Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. citizenry has expressed divergent views in the past on how public schools should be funded. In most cases, states primarily raise funds to support public schools through property and/or sales taxation. The extent to which respective states rely on either of these forms of taxation differs from state to state, with some relying on one or both methods of taxation. Reliance on either sales or prop erty taxes as a primary source of funding presents related challenges to state governments sinceRead MoreKey to Success in Life715 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Education is the key to success in life, and teachers make a lasting impact in the lives of their students† – Solomon Ortiz Do you agree with this quotation? Thai society believes that education is the key to make them or their child success in their life. It’s true but not totally true. Education is one part of successful. It’s not the whole thing to make us success. Most of Thai parents will support or coerce their child to study in famous school such as Triam Udom Suksa School, ChulalongkornRead MoreThe Governor s Military And Police Powers980 Words   |  4 Pagesthree-member Public Safety Commission that directs the work of the Department of Public Safety with Senate approval. Adding to that, the last police power that the governor has is the ability to assume the command of the Texas Rangers. Thus, these are the governor’s military and police powers and the functions that they are allowed to assume in office. 2. Describe the functions of o the State Board of Education. o the Texas Education Agency. 2. The functions of the State Board of Education is to setRead MorePhysical Education : Not Just Walking The Dog1576 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical Education: Not Just Walking the Dog A person might remember in elementary school a certified physical educator instructing the class, for example, on learning to run, balance, stretch, and climbing rope. Then, in spring, a big relay event would happen, and all the students were able to race, or show off the skills they learned through the year. At these events, every student won a prize, whether, first, second, third, or recognition of achievement for each race. Today, many peopleRead MoreThe Current School Reforms Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesof the current school reforms. First, the market is not the best way to deliver public services. Ravitch stated that business leaders favor the idea of modeling schools like the marketplace, however structuring schools so that they function like a business destroys communities and replaces them with consumers (Ravitch, 2011, p. 221). New York City offers an example of why the business model does not work in the school system. In 2002, Mayor Bloomberg restructured New Yor k’s school system into a corporateRead MoreThe Historical Foundation Of People With Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdisabilities. When his MR panel found a non-existing care for people with disabilities, their was a removal of mental institutions for their lack of care of their patient (wk 3 slides). Kennedy used his position as President to find what were the current levels of well-being for people with disability. By having a President take people with disabilities needs into consideration was the beginning in a change of improving the life of people with disabilities. Another revolutionary event that changes the historyRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul C. Light s The Tides Of Reform914 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor citywide initiative taken for improving its public education system. The city of concern is Denver which is thoroughly concerned about improving its public education system. For the city’s elected leaders enhancement of public education system became a priority and its popular mayor, John Hickenlooper, by the end of his term, was thoroughly convinced that even though he was successful in revitalizing the city’s economy, in the sphere of education system he couldn’t succeed so much (Stillman, 2009)Read MoreChallenges And Strategies For Personal Success1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Graduate school enhances the opportunity for an individual to achieve his or her personal and professional goals. The skills and knowledge acquired from graduate school are instrumental in career development; hence, one should pay close attention to the lessons learned in the quest for a master’s degree. However, graduate school is never free of challenges. There are many challenges associated with the pursuit of a master’s degree, and they start at the school application process. TheRead More Jesus and Socrates Would Have Difficulty Surviving in America’s Public Education System1652 Words   |  7 Pagesinferior health care funneled by deplorable education. The behavioral impediments on upward mobility connote the dwindling of the Protestant ethic an angle taken by Booker T. Washington and many other black Americans. Nonetheless, both categories can be marked as systematic obstacles. In my research paper, I focus on all components of the aforementioned dil emmas, particularly that pertaining to the black or minority experience in the American public education system. In doing so, I will prove thatRead MoreRace and Social Inequality in Education1382 Words   |  6 PagesMajor social institutions affect society, humanity, and prosperity in different ways. Education is a social institution that affects an individual’s â€Å"economic success and social progression (Wright 1368). Throughout today’s society, the level of education that an individual acquires has a large impact on the amount of employment opportunities, job security, and wages that are attained. According to a 2006 study by the U.S. Census Bureau, the average salary for college or university graduates

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - 1689 Words

Discuss the extent to which one of the following novels is informed by contemporary social issues: Great Expectations Fathers and Son, Frankenstein. The novel I have chosen to discuss is Frankenstein. Written in 1818 by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein is classified as a gothic novel, however, Shelly uses both realist and non-realist techniques. I will be looking at her reasons for writing the novel and what influenced her, as well as the realist and non-realist techniques used. I will be looking at some of the contemporary social issues that affected Shelley’s life at the time she wrote her novel. These will include Nature versus Nurture and Love and Responsibility. Frankenstein was written after Mary Shelley and a group of her friends†¦show more content†¦Victor tells us about his family ‘I am by birth a Genevese; and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic’ (Frankenstein p18) He tells of how his parents met and how Elizabeth came to live with his family. He portrays a happy childhood with loving parents. We as readers have no reason to doubt what we are being told. Victor’s vo ice is authoritative and his descriptions believable. The language is ‘transparent’ it ‘does not draw attention to itself ‘(The Realist Novel p10). Shelley uses vivid descriptions of the locations. The Shelley’s were well travelled and spent time in the Alpine region. She mentions actual place names ‘the bridge of Pelissier’ and ‘the Valley of Chamounix’(p73) Vivid descriptions are given ‘The view of the tremendous and ever moving glacier†¦ the surface is very uneven rising like he waves of a troubled sea’.(p75) The use of simile here makes the language more elaborate and authenticates the location. She loved the Alpine region and was happy there. She spent time with some brilliant literary minds namely Shelley, Byron her father and others. She listened, if not always taking part in, conversations on politics and science. Speaking in London in 1831 she said of her book, ‘its several pages speak of m any a walk, many a drive, and many a conversation, when I was not alone; and my companion one who, in this world I shall never see more. But this is for myself; my readers have nothing to do withShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome determined to perfect at what they do. They eventually become tragically doomed through creating their own individual moral codes by struggling with their internal battles within their minds. Mary Shelley presents us the first persona of a romantic hero through Victor Frankenstein in her book Frankenstein. Shelley fabricates Victor as the main narrator throughout the book, along with Captain Walton and the creature, which Victor creates. Another hero during the Romantic era is the Ancient MarinerRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism1429 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Youshock Prof. Matthew Gerber HIST 1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst manyRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein The characterization of Victor’s creature, the monster, in the movie although somewhat dramatically different from Mary Shelley’s portrayal in the novel Frankenstein also had its similarities. Shelley’s views of the monster were to make him seem like a human being, while the movie made the monster out to be a hideous creation. The creature’s appearance and personality are two aspects that differ between the novel and movie while his intellectual and tender sidesRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Nineteen-year-old Mary Shelley didn’t know when she began it that her â€Å"ghost story† would become an enduring part of classic literature. Frankenstein is an admirable work simply for its captivating plot. To the careful reader, however, Shelley’s tale offers complex insights into human experience. The reader identifies with all of the major characters and is left to heed or ignore the cautions that their situations provide. Shelley uses the second person narrativeRead MoreEssay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1643 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In 1818 a novel was written that tingled people’s minds and thrilled literary critics alike. Frankenstein was an instant success and sold more copies than any book had before. The immediate success of the book can be attributed to the spine-tingling horror of the plot, and the strong embedded ethical message. Although her name did not come originally attached to the text, Mary Shelley had written a masterpiece that would live on for centuries. Read MoreEvil in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1462 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein is very much a commentary on the Enlightenment and its failure to tame the human condition through reason. The human condition can be defined as the unique features which mold a human being. The creature is undoubtedly a victim of this predicament. He grapples with the meaning of life, the search for gratification, the sense of curiosity, the inevitability of isolation, and the awareness of the inescapability of death. These qualities and his ceaseless stalking of hisRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Shelley wrote the book Frankenstein sometime in the 1810s. She was born in London in 1797 (Biography). Her mother was an author of prime literary stock who was trying to encourage women to pursue their ideas and strive to earn the status as equals. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions that were taking place around Mary Shelley certainly influ enced her while she was writing the book. The creation of machines and experiments at the time made people wonder what the limit of human technologyRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Shelley’s Frankenstein does an excellent job at demonstrating the ideas and accomplishments of the enlightenment period. Shelly expresses these ideas and thoughts through the character of Victor Frankenstein who is an aspiring scientist seeking an intellectual challenge. Victor Frankenstein live s his hometown of Geneva and leaves in quest of a valued education in Ingolstadt. When Victor arrives at college he is lonely and finds himself in a new world in which he lives by himself. He than meetsRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein An outsider is someone who is not a member of a particular circle or group of people He/She is isolated (separated) from other people and regarded as being different such as people looking, dressing, acting or talk differently. Outsiders have always been around and always will exist! Because society (i.e. - those who are not outsiders) like someone to pick on to make themselves feel better or superior. Outsiders are treated in various ways, sometimes people

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Biopsychology and Learning Behavioral Enhancement

Question: Discuss about the Biopsychology and Learning Behavioral Enhancement. Answer: Introduction: Methamphetamine is an illicit substance required by most of the people in Australia to produce high or a rush in their body. Use of methamphetamine in Australia is more than doubled in last five years. Major contribution to the increased use of methamphetamine is population between 15-24 years (NIT, 2015). Methamphetamine comes under Schedule 8 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (July 2016). In many countries manufacturing, sale and possession of methamphetamine is prohibited and it is illegal in most of the jurisdictions. United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty has placed methamphetamine in schedule II. Methamphetamine hydrochloride is a potent full antagonist of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) (Xie Miller, 2009). This TAAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and it regulates catecholamine (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) level in the central nervous systems. Activation of TAAR1 by the action of methamphetam ine increases second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) release and there is the inhibition or reversal of transport direction of the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and serotonin transporter (SERT) (Miller, 2011). Methamphetamine inhibit or reverses action of monoamines because binding of methamphetamine with TAAR1 results in the phosphorylation of transporter through protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling and consequently there is the internalization or reversal of the function of monoamine trasnsportes. Methamphetamine also increases level of intracellular calcium and it is responsible for the phosphorylation of DAT through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK)-dependent signaling pathway, which aid dopamine efflux (Vaughan Foster, 2013). Methamphetamine increases efflux of catecholamines like norepinephrine and dopamine and prevents its uptake. This results in the increased dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. This CNS stimulation leads to the enhancement in the performance. Hence methamphetamine is a psychostimulant (Miller, 2011). There are many animal studies available for the increased locomotor activity in rats and animals (Hall et al., 2008; Zakharova et al., 2009; Kubota et al., 2002). In humans methamphetamine produces motor activity similar to animals, however this motor effect is evident only in acute cases and not in the chronic cases (Caligiuri Buitenhuys, 2005). Methamphetamine inhibits DAT, which is instrumental in evading dopamine form the neural synapse. In case of blocked of DAT, there is the increased dopaminergic activity in the neural synapse. With the antagonism of dopamine receptor there is the decreased dopaminergic activity and consequently reduced locomoator activity induced by amphetamine. There are different studies available for effect of dopamine receptor antagonism and its effect on the locomotor activity induced amphetamine. D2 receptor null mutant and dopamine receptor anatogonist inihibit the increased locomotor activity after the administration of amphetamine (Yun, 2014). Based on the available information, it has been postulated that amphetamine administration in the rats exhibit increased locomotor activity and this increased locomotor activity can be inhibited by administering dopamine receptor antagonist. Hence in this experiement, locomotor activity was induced in the rats and this increased locomotor activity was i nhibited by administering dopamine receptor antagonist. Discussion: In this experiment, locomotor activity of each rat was measured with Omnitech locomotor chambers. It was observed that there is the statistically significant increase in the locomotor activity in the rats after the administration of the amphetamine which is consistent with the literature results both in preclinical and clinical studies (Hall et al., 2008; Zakharova et al., 2009; Kubota et al., 2002). This increased locomotor activity is due to the methamphetamine which increases dopaminergic activity in the neural synapse and produces locomotor activity. After treatment with SCH23390, which is a dopamine 2 (D2) antagonist, there is the decrease in locomotor activity. This decrease in locomotor activity is consistent with the results of the preclinical and clinical studies (Yun, 2014). Strengths of these experiments are training or acclimatization to rats was provided to both the experimenter and experimental conditions. This training is important for getting the consistent results in behavioral studies. Animals in these experiments were not randomized equally based on the body weight or locomotion readout of the rats. If animals would have been distributed to each group with equal average body weight or average locomotion readout, that would have been given more robust treatment effect without any variability. Moreover, in this study number of animals per group were 6. If number of animals per group would have been 8-10, it would have given better results with robust statistical difference among the vehicle treated and treatment groups. Statistical significance in this study obtained is less. It can be improved by increasing the number of animals. Methamphetamine is having good oral bioavailability and oral route is one of the common routes of consumption of methamphetamine. In such scenario, if methamphetamine would have been given by oral route in this study, it could have reflected study closer to clinical scenario. SCH-23390 is specifically a D1 receptor antagonist (Derlet et al., 1990). Addiction phenomenon occurs in the D1-type medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens of ventral striatum. Hence, SCH-23390 exhibits its action of locomotion inhibition in the medium spiny neurons of the ventral striatum. SCH-23390 exhibits minimal action on D2 receptor along with the major action on the D1 receptor. It has been established that there is decreased body weight, persistent depletion of striatal and cortical dopamine levels post termination of the drug administration, reduced expression of striatal and cortical tyrosine hydroxylase and DAT proteins and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in striatum and cortex, after self administration of the methamphetamine. Due to these biochemical changes, there is mental and physical retardation, dementia, seizers and addiction. Methaphetamine decreases social interaction in open field and impaired acquisition of spatial discrimination in operant chamber (White et al., 2009). Methaphetamine exhibited impaired memory acquisition and retention in the morris water maze with the help of place navigation test, probe test and retention memory test (Macuchova et al., 2013). In executive tasks in human, methamphetamine exhibited variable results after acute and chronic administration. After acute administration of methamphetamine with dose lower than abuse induction, methamphetamine exhibits improvement in memory, however after chronic administration it exhibits impairment in memory (Hart et al., 2012). References: Caligiuri, M. P., Buitenhuys, C. (2005). Do Preclinical Findings of Methamphetamine-Induced Motor Abnormalities Translate to an Observable Clinical Phenotype?. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 21252134. Derlet, R. W., Albertson, T. E., Rice, P. (1990). The Effect of SCH 23390 Against Toxic Doses of Cocaine, d-Amphetamine and Methamphetamine. Life Sciences. 47(9), 821827. Hall, D.A., Stanis, J.J., Avila, H. M., Gulley, J. M. (2008). A comparison of amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in rats: evidence for qualitative differences in behavior. Psychopharmacology, 195(4), 469478. Hart, C.L., Marvin, C.B., Silver, R., Smith, E.E. (2012). Is Cognitive Functioning Impaired in Methamphetamine Users? A Critical Review. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(3), 586608. Kubota, Y., Ito, C., Sakurai, E., Watanabe, T., Ohtsu, H. (2002). Increased methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity and behavioral sensitization in histamine-deficient mice. Journal of Nurochemistry, 83(4), 837845. Macuchova, E., Nohejlova-Deykun, K., Slamberova, R. (2013). Effect of Methamphetamine on Cognitive Functions of Adult Female Rats Prenatally Exposed to the Same Drug. Physiological Research, 62(1), S89-S98. Miller, G.M. (2011). The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity. Journal of Neurochemistry, 116(2), 164176. National Ice Taskforce (NIT), Final Report (2015), Commonwealth of Australia: 1-231. Vaughan, R.A., Foster, J.D. (2013). Mechanisms of dopamine transporter regulation in normal and disease states. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 34(9), 489496. White, I. M., Minamoto, T., Odell, J.R., Mayhorn, J., White, W. (2009). Brief Exposure to Methamphetamine (METH) and Phencyclidine (PCP) during Late Development Leads to Long-Term Learning Deficits in Rats. Brain Research, 1266, 7286. Xie, Z., Miller, G.M. (2009). A receptor mechanism for methamphetamine action in dopamine transporter regulation in brain. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 330 (1), 316325. Yun, J. (2014). Limonene inhibits methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity via regulation of 5-HT neuronal function and dopamine release. Phytomedicine, 21(6), 883887. Zakharova, E., Leoni, G., Kichko, I., Izenwasser, S. (2009). Differential effects of methamphetamine and cocaine on conditioned place preference and locomotor activity in adult and adolescent male rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 198(1), 4550.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Time As A Determinate Of Final Product free essay sample

In A Dehydration Reaction Essay, Research Paper Time as a Determinate of Final Product in a Dehydration Chemical reaction Robert Simack, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska. Abstraction: This survey involved acerb desiccation of 2-methylcyclohexanol. The consequences varied depending on the clip elapsed after initial reaction. I attempted to turn out the Evelyn Effect, which stated that over a period of clip the merchandises of the aforesaid reaction will beobserved to alter volume so that those merchandises formed by a cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will organize foremost. However, one time all molecules in the Commonwealth of Independent States isomer undergo reaction the staying trans configured 2-methylcyclohexanols will proliferate during the latter period of the reaction. I besides postulated as to the possible preparation of 1-ethylcyclopentene, and to the cause of such an event. Introduction: After researching acid-catalyzed desiccation reactions ( McMurray ) and background on the Evelyn Effect ( Clausen ) I hypothesize that the cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will respond via an E1 type procedure organizing 1-methylcyclohexene harmonizing to anticipations from Zaitzev? s regulation ( Lehman ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Time As A Determinate Of Final Product or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This should be due to the fact that the Commonwealth of Independent States isomer has 2 anti-coplanar Hs. These two Hs should do the molecule more reactive. The trans isomer, with merely one anti-coplanar H, should be slower to respond and will organize a 3-methylcyclohexene. In add-on the 1-ethylcyclopentene will be formed from both the Commonwealth of Independent States and trans isomers but merely if the hydroxyl group is in an equatorial place. In that place negatrons from the ring may assail the intoxicant straight from behind forcing it off the ring and organizing a 5-membered ring alternatively. Results A ; Discussion: An NMR ( 300MHz ) spectra of the original reagent and the three fractions provided a immense sum of information in support of my hypothesis. Both Commonwealth of Independent States and trans isomers were present in the spectra for the original stuff every bit good as for the first two fractions. The intoxicant? s H showed up at about 3.79 and 3.1 for Commonwealth of Independent States and trans severally. In the spectra for pure get downing stuff ( ref: Jim Starr /Steve Standish NMR 24 March, 2000 ) Commonwealth of Independent States isomers of get downing stuff comprised merely 25 % of the sample compared to 75 % of trans as observed in the integrating of extremums. In the spectra for fraction one a 3:1 ratio of trans to cis was observed. In the spectra of fraction two the Commonwealth of Independent States isomer about disappeared ; the ratio was approximately 6:1 trans/cis. Finally, in the spectra of the 3rd fraction the Commonwealth of Independent States isomer was perfectly unperceivable while the integrating of trans was about twice that of the integrating from fraction one. These spectra show that Commonwealth of Independent States reacted first and was rapidly consumed by the reaction go forthing trans isomers to complete the reaction. Because it is kn ain that the reaction with cis get downing stuff caused both 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene I postulated that the first merchandise of the latter phases of the reaction must be 3-methylcyclohexene, which is the exclusive merchandise of the trans reaction ( McMurray, fellow. 11.12 ) . In add-on to the Commonwealth of Independent States and trans peaks the extremum for both 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene could be found on the spectra at 5.7 and 5.4 severally. The NMR showed that the integrating of 1-methylcyclohexene dropped merely somewhat throughout the reaction while the integrating of 3-methylcyclohexene increased about tenfold. The findings from the spectra prove the hypothesis that the Commonwealth of Independent States reaction will travel the fastest followed by the trans because as the Commonwealth of Independent States is consumed it? s extremum at 3.79 will diminish every bit good as the extremum for 1-methylcyclohexene due to expiration of that mer chandises formation. Besides, extremums for 1-ethylcyclopentene Begin to demo in the spectra for the 2nd fraction and increase in size ( country beneath the extremum ) by the spectra of the 3rd fraction. At the root of this phenomena is steric hindrance. Both the Commonwealth of Independent States and trans isomers will organize 1-ethylcyclopentene ( fig. 1 ) . However, because of steric hindrance the trans isomer is favored to organize the 1-ethylcyclopentene. This fact will explicate why more of the pentene shows up in the 3rd fraction. Finally, a bantam extremum showed at 4.6 in every fraction? s spectra bespeaking the presence of methylenecyclohexane. This merchandise formed from the original merchandise by acerb accelerator. Experimental: An setup was constructed with a unit of ammunition underside flask topped by a claisen adapter in which was placed a thermometer and a condensation tubing. In the setup 150mmole of 2-methylcyclohexanol was assorted with 5mL H3PO4 and distilled. The distilled liquid was collected in three tubings, at about 4mL per tubing, labeled fraction 1, 2 and 3. Each fraction was placed in a extractor tubing and combined with 4mL concentrated NaHCO3. The aqueous bed was removed and MgSO4 was added for a concluding separation. The solid and aqueous beds were so removed and the concluding merchandise was combined with CDCL3 in an NMR tubing in readying for spectra. The liquid staying in the original setup was put through the separation procedure described above. However, alternatively of CDCL3 as a spectrum reagent we used CH2CL2. Besides, an NMR was non performed on the staying liquid but alternatively a GC. Figure 1: Chemical reactions of Commonwealth of Independent States and trans isomers of 2-methylcyclohexanol during acid-catalyzed desiccation. Bibliography Clausen, Tom, ? Organic Chemistry 324 Lecture, ? Univeristy of Alaska, Fairbanks, March 20, 2000. Lehman, John W. , Operational Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. , New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1999. McMurry, John, Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. , California: Brooks/Cole Publication, 1996.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Pegomastax - Facts and Figures

Pegomastax - Facts and Figures Name: Pegomastax (Greek for thick jaw); pronounced PEG-oh-MAST-ax Habitat: Woodlands of southern Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Prominent fangs; short bristles on body About Pegomastax Some of the most notable dinosaur discoveries dont involve going out into the field with a shovel and pickax, but examining long-forgotten fossil specimens that have been filed away in dank museum basements. Thats the case with Pegomastax, which was recently named by Paul Sereno after he examined a neglected collection of fossils from southern Africa, which had been discovered in the early 1960s and stashed in Harvard Universitys extensive archives. Pegomastax was certainly an odd-looking dinosaur, at least by the standards of the early Mesozoic Era. About two feet long from head to tail, this close relative of Heterodontosaurus was equipped with a parrot-like beak studded by two prominent canines. The porcupine-like bristles that covered its body are reminiscent of the short, stiff, feathery protrusions of another herbivorous dinosaur, the late Jurassic Tianyulong, which was also an early ornithopod of the heterodontosaur family. Given its presumed plant-eating diet, why did Pegomastax have such sizable canines? Sereno speculates that this feature evolved not because Pegoamastax snacked occasionally on insects or rotting carcasses, but because it needed to a) defend itself against larger theropod dinosaurs and b) compete for the right to mate. If longer-toothed males were more likely to survive predation, and also more likely to attract females, you can see why natural selection would have favored Pegomastaxs fangs.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

What Are Enzymes What Do They Do

What Are Enzymes What Do They Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Cells are the building blocks of life. All living things have cells - from small, single-celled organisms like bacteria to large, multicellular organisms like humans. Cells have specific functions that help keep these varied creatures alive and kicking. In order to make these functions happen, chemical reactions occur within cells. Oftentimes, these chemical reactions are sped up by a special kind of protein called an enzyme. In this article, we’re going to answer a few questions: what are enzymes, what are enzymes made of, and what types of enzymes exist. What Are Enzymes? Enzymes are a special kind of protein that are found in the cells of living organisms. Enzymes are made up of long chains of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds. Enzymes help with processes like digestion, blood clotting, and hormone production. They basically either catalyze (cause) or speed up chemical reactions that take place in the bodies of living things. Typically, enzymes are only responsible for one kind of chemical reaction. So, an enzyme that helps with digestion won’t also help with blood clotting. We need enzymes because they help us initiate chemical reactions. For every chemical reaction, a specific amount of energy needs to be applied to the reactants before the reaction can happen. Enzymes help make reactions happen. It’s kind of like they are the final push over the hill before you can get a ball to roll down it. What Are Enzymes Made Of? As I mentioned in the previous section, enzymes are made up of long chains of amino acids. Some enzymes are only made up of one chain of amino acids, while others are made up of many chains of amino acids. Each enzyme is made up of a unique chain of amino acids (e.g., no two different types of enzymes have the same amino acid structure) and each enzyme also has its own unique shape. The 6 Types of Enzymes There are six main types of enzymes that occur in chemistry. Oxioreductases These types of enzymes help speed up oxidation and reduction reactions. Basically, they help move oxygen and hydrogen atoms from one place to another. Transferases These types of enzymes help groups of atoms transfer from molecule to molecule more quickly. Hydrolases These types of enzymes use water to break up single bonds between molecules. Many digestive enzymes are hydrolases and do things like break peptide bonds in proteins. Lyases Lyases are similar to hydrolases - they break up or form molecular bonds. Unlike hydrolases, they don’t use water as part of their reaction. Isomerases These types of enzymes speed up isomerization reactions. They rearrange the atoms of a reactant to form an isomer (a molecule with the same chemical formula, but different arrange of atoms than the original reactant). Ligases Ligases enhance the rate of joining of two molecules by using the energy obtained from the breakdown of ATP. How Different Types of Enzymes Work in the Body There are different types of enzymes in the body that can broadly be classified into metabolic, digestive, and food enzymes. Metabolic enzymes are responsible for reactions related to detoxification and energy production. Many of these enzymes occur in the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Metabolic enzymes help us use what we get from food (e.g., protein, fat, and carbohydrates) to make sure that our cells are working, clean, and healthy. Digestive enzymes help break down the foods we eat and convert them into energy. An example of these types of enzymes is the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into simple sugars.The three most importantdigestive enzymesare protease, amylase, and lipase, which digest protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively. Food enzymes aren’t naturally present in the body - we get them from the food we eat or from supplements. An example of a food enzyme is cellulase - we use cellulase to digest fibers, but it’s not produced in the body. We have to get it from the foods we eat. Food enzymes help digestive enzymes do their job and break down what we consume. Here are a few more types of enzymespresent in our body and what they do. Lactase: breaks down lactose, the complex sugar in milk products. Lactose-intolerant people don't have enough of this enzyme. Pectinase: breaks down pectin-rich foods such as citrus fruits, apples, carrots, potatoes, beets, and tomatoes. Bromelain: breaks down food protein into smaller peptones by hydrolysis; helps the body to fight cancer, improves circulation, and treats inflammation. Papain: aids the body in digestion. Catalase: breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Plays an important role in immune function. Enzyme Definition: Key Takeaways Enzymes are an important kind of protein that help us do many things, including: Break down food into energy Detoxify parts of our body Form new bonds between molecules Enzymes are made of chains of proteins called amino acids. Some of them are naturally occurring in the human body and others we need to consume through food. What's Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you studying clouds in your science class? Get help identifying the different types of clouds with our expert guide.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Influence of Using YouTube to Improve English for EFL Students Essay

The Influence of Using YouTube to Improve English for EFL Students - Essay Example According to the paper access to great positions and attractive pay rates requires English capability to communicate. In countries where English is not, the first or main language used there has been a growth in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Due to this worldwide demand, there has been a growth in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in countries where English is not first or main language. Therefore, the education system in Saudi Arabia is containing English as one of the most significant majors nowadays. This study highlights even though the government through its Ministry of Education has outlined the objectives of the English language, the goal is yet to be achieved. The ministry aims to ensure improvement in students’ listening, reading, writing and speaking skills abilities. Furthermore, the ministry endeavours to assist students acquire the necessary linguistic competences relating to life. However, these and other objectives encounter challenges as the one stated above. The ministry’s goal is to equip and develop development skills to the students rather than just the role learning. In essence, EFL implies that the English language is not viewed as a primary language, and that the locals have their first language. In these cases, countries tend to use their first language even in the learning, meaning students seldom perform well in English-related tasks, including speaking and writing. When learners become less acquainted with the English language, the end-result is that their competitive advantage especially in the international affairs is adversely affected. Surprisingly, some countries use the first language in the education sector up to university level.Â